Ofcom has launched a consultation on its plans to auction additional spectrum in the 1.4 GHz band to enhance 4G and 5G mobile networks. However, UK mobile operators have raised concerns regarding the auction’s format and timing.
The regulator intends to sell spectrum in the upper 1.4 GHz band (1492–1517 MHz), which serves as supplementary downlink (SDL) capacity for mobile networks. This additional bandwidth is expected to improve coverage and performance, particularly in indoor areas and locations where low-frequency spectrum is crucial.
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Industry Reactions and Concerns
While major operators generally support the auction, some have flagged issues with its structure. Vodafone welcomed the initiative but criticized Ofcom’s coexistence analysis, urging the regulator to factor in real-world deployment scenarios instead of theoretical models. The operator also opposed the single-round, sealed-bid auction format, advocating for a multiple-round process to allow bidders to adjust their valuations dynamically.
BT/EE expressed reservations about the timing, citing concerns over network equipment availability and uncertainty stemming from Vodafone’s proposed merger with Three. “Given the immaturity of the mobile ecosystem for this band and the lack of available network equipment and user devices, together with the uncertainty around the Vodafone/Three merger, we consider this consultation arguably premature,” the operator stated.
VMO2 supported the auction but warned that Ofcom’s proposed coordination zones could significantly hinder deployments in urban and coastal areas. The operator also joined Vodafone in calling for a multiple-round auction to ensure fairer price discovery amid ongoing regulatory restrictions.
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Auction Process and Next Steps
Ofcom plans to use a sealed-bid, second-price auction, where the highest bidder wins but pays the amount of the second-highest bid. This approach aims to simplify the process but has drawn criticism from industry players advocating for more flexibility.
Stakeholders have until April 25 to submit feedback on the proposal, with Ofcom set to hold further consultations on competition implications. The regulator maintains that expanding the 1.4 GHz band will help enhance mobile network performance, particularly in areas with inconsistent coverage.
As the UK’s mobile landscape continues to evolve, the outcome of this auction could play a critical role in shaping future connectivity and infrastructure development.
